A new paper from the Presgraves lab out in PLoS Biology fails to find evidence for two forms of X chromosome regulation– sex chromosome dosage compensation and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation– previously thought to act in the Drosophila male germline.  However, analysis of a sperm-specific transgene reporter suggests a novel, uncharacterized mechanism may regulate X chromosome expression during spermatogenesis.  These findings resolve several previously conflicting reports and have implications for patterns of genome evolution and speciation in Drosophila.